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Accessed 26 July 2016ĪusLCI (2011) The Australian national life cycle inventory database initiative. Īrif S, Davin N, Nicholson P, Ahmad S (2014) Australian liquid fuels technology assessment. The results highlight the importance of using biomass with least possible processing in order to maximise environmental and energy return and minimise LCC.Īmmann H, Brecht I, Vögeli GA (2009) Comparison of wood-fired heating systems. In terms of energy return, all options, except electricity production through pyrolysis, offered positive return. Biomass drying consumed more than 50% of the energy requirement for all options except for production of liquid transportation fuels via upgrading of pyrolytic oil, in which case the fuel upgrading process was the most energy intensive. Woodchips gasification performed best in all environmental impact categories and had the lowest LCC ($177.6/Mg). The results showed that all options except for ethanol production are GHG emission negative. The effects of uncertainties in the system on the overall performance of the scenarios were also evaluated.
The LCC also included greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions costs. Global warming acidification eutrophication fossil depletion, human toxicity and land use impact categories were considered. The functional unit used in this study was the treatment of 1 Mg of biomass. Comparative life cycle assessment and life cycle costing (LCC) analysis were conducted to evaluate six options: woodchip gasification for power generation wood pellets gasification in combined heat and power plant wood pellet combustion for domestic water and space heating pyrolysis for power generation pyrolysis with bio-oil upgrading to transportation fuels and ethanol production for transportation fuel mix. It can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels via different conversion techniques. Forestry thinning logs, a low-value by-product of the forestry industry, present an opportunity for bioenergy production.